For study abroad, the length of the programme decides the visa type. Courses and exchanges under three months may be covered by a short-stay visa, while a semester or a year requires a national student visa.
This article explains the shared logic of Erasmus, language school and internship applications. Student visas differ considerably between countries, so the embassy page of your destination always decides.
What types of student visa are there?
There are two. Studies under 90 days use a short-stay visa; studies beyond 90 days require a national (type D) student visa, usually followed by a student residence permit.
Switching from a short-stay visa to long-term study inside the country is not possible in most countries, so start with the right visa.
Which documents does an Erasmus visa require?
The host university’s acceptance letter, a letter from your home university confirming your Erasmus status and grant, proof of enrolment, accommodation, health insurance and proof of how you will cover living costs.
If the grant is below the monthly minimum, show the difference through family support, a scholarship or savings. Some countries waive or reduce the fee for Erasmus students.
Can you get a visa for a language school?
Yes, depending on length and intensity. Short courses fit a short-stay visa; long-term language study needs a national visa, and many countries set a minimum number of weekly lessons.
A short motivation letter linking the course to your studies or profession strengthens the file.
How do you get an internship visa?
The internship agreement or acceptance letter is the key document. For Erasmus+ traineeships, add the learning agreement and grant letter.
Paid internships may fall under work permit rules in some countries, so ask the host organisation in writing which authorisation applies.
What are a blocked account and proof of funds?
Proof of funds shows you can cover your costs while studying. Some countries require a blocked account holding a set amount, Germany’s Sperrkonto being the best-known example. The monthly minimum is updated every year.
Alternatives include a scholarship letter, a parental support declaration with income documents, or a formal obligation from a resident.
When should you apply, and can you work?
Apply as soon as you receive your acceptance letter; national visas can take weeks to months, so aim for an appointment at least three months before term starts.
Most countries allow students limited work, set in weekly hours or annual days. Do not treat that as proof of funds: the consulate wants to see that you can study without working.